Genetic engineering processes are being applied to a wide variety of organisms. Aquatic animals are being engineered to increase aquaculture production, for medical and industrial research, and for ornamental reasons.

By using recombinant DNA techniques rather than traditional mating, scientists have created transgenic fish. The” new” DNA is introduced into the fish either by direct insertion into the eggs or by subjecting them to electric pulses.

The fast booming application of transgenic fish technology has led to many valuable discoveries in different disciplines of the biological sciences, many of which could potentially lead to the next breakthrough in new treatments for human diseases.

The National Institute of Science and Media along with distinguished writer Joel Ball has a series of books published on biotechnology and science which provide an in-depth knowledge on the recent advances made in the field.

In the past few years, the mining industry has been turning to more efficient and environmentally salubrious method for extracting minerals from ores. The use of bacterium thiobacillus ferooxidans to leach copper from mine tailings has improved recovery rates and reduced operating costs to a large extent.

Thiobaccillus ferooxidans, is naturally present in certain sulfur containing materials .The bacterium thiobaccillus ferooxidans obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic materials, such as copper sulfide minerals. This process releases sulfuric acid and an oxidizing solution of ferric irons, which can wash out metals from crude ore. Poor quality copper ore is treated with sulfuric acid to facilitate the growth of the bacterium.

Bioming is the most important of application of biotechnology today.Bioming is alsoused to extract gold from very low grade sulfide gold ores.

The National Institute of Science and Media along with distinguished writer Joel Ball publish various study resources on biotechnology and the other branches of biology.

Genetically engineered vaccines either contain one or a few major antigens of the pathogenic agent that are capable of producing a neutralizing immune response upon infection. Diseases that affect a large proportion of the world's population are on top of the priority for list for recombinant vaccines .

Scientists have successfully produced the world’s first genetically engineered vaccine against hepatitis B from the surface antigen HbsAg, derived from the yeast cells. The genetically engineered vaccine not only prevents hepatitis B but also its serious consequences like hepatocellular carcinoma(liver cancer).

Human diseases such as measles, polio, tuberculosis, leprosy and malaria may someday get eradicated by the use of genetically engineered vaccines.

The National Institute of Science and a Media keeps a close eye on the breakthroughs in biotechnology and science.

A North Carolina State University scientist has developed a system called thermophilic anaerobic digestion, which converts animal waste into various useful products, including methane gas for fuel, liquid nutrients for aquaculture, and nutrient-rich feed additives for the poultry and livestock industries.

The thermophilic anaerobic digestion process involves enclosing animal waste in containers with heat-loving bacteria. The waste in the digester unit is heated to more than 115 degrees F. Bacteria in the digester then convert the waste into biogas, which can be used as fuel. The bacteria also destroy pathogens in the solid residue that remains. These by-products can then be processed as sanitary, nutrient-rich feed supplements.

The demonstration projects in North Carolina indicate that the thermal recyclers are very productive.

This simple method for processing animal waste, may someday lead to the productive use of the 500 million tons of poultry and livestock waste produced in the United States each year.

The National Institute of Science and Media keeps update information on the latest developments in the field of biotechnology and science. Distinguished writer, Joel Ball is at the fore front of all the publications of National Institute of Science and Media.